India, one of the world’s largest democracies and often called the “mother of democracy”, is gearing up for its 18th Lok Sabha election. With 543 seats at stake in this election, this festival of democracy promises historic moments. 

Spanning a remarkable duration of six weeks, from April 19th to June 1st, 2024, and unfolding across seven phases, this general election will unfold in chapters. Remarkably, this election also marks the second-longest duration in Indian electoral history since the epochal 1951-52 elections. But have you ever wondered why the General Elections in India unfold in multiple phases? Has it always been seven phases, or has the number fluctuated over time? 

Join us as we unravel the election schedule 18th Lok Sabha Election.  

A look back into the history  

To truly understand why Lok Sabha elections are held in multiple phases, we must journey back to India’s early years post-independence. The inaugural Lok Sabha elections in 1952 were monumental, marking the world’s largest democratic exercise at the time. However, India’s vast geographical expanse presented a formidable challenge. From the towering peaks of the Himalayas to the remote villages of the Deccan Plateau, conducting elections in a single phase seemed daunting. 

Who decides the Dates and Duration of the Elections in India? 

Since 1950, the Election Commission of India has been our democracy’s steadfast guardian, ensuring fair campaigns and smooth voting experiences with informed planned dates and phases.  

Why India Needs 7 Phases of Elections? 

Geographic Diversity: India, the seventh-largest country by area, boasts unparalleled geographic and cultural diversity. With varying terrains, climates, and infrastructural landscapes, conducting elections across the nation demands meticulous planning. By dividing the election into multiple phases, authorities ensure fair representation and equal participation in every corner of the country. 

Population Density: States like Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, and West Bengal are not only densely populated but also politically significant. Managing the sheer magnitude of voters while maintaining order requires a strategic approach. Phased elections enable efficient administration and security measures tailored to regions. 

Festivals and Holidays: India’s vibrant tapestry is adorned with numerous festivals and public holidays throughout the year. By aligning election dates with these celebrations, authorities aim to minimize disruptions and maximize citizen participation—a testament to the country’s commitment to inclusivity. 

Exams and Academic Calendar: Recognizing the involvement of students and teachers in the electoral process, organizers meticulously plan election phases to avoid clashes with exams and academic schedules. This ensures smooth conduct and active participation without compromising on educational commitments. 

Security Measures: Ensuring the safety and integrity of the electoral process is paramount. Conducting elections in phases allows for the strategic deployment of security personnel to avoid potential violence, electoral malpractices, and undue influence at polling stations. 

Record Voter Turnout: With a staggering 968 million eligible voters, India proudly hosts the world’s largest democratic exercise. However, managing such a colossal electorate requires precision and efficiency. By spreading the election over multiple phases, the Election Commission can effectively oversee the process and uphold the sanctity of democracy. 

India’s Electoral Evolution: From Three to Seven Phases 

In recent years, India’s general elections have transitioned from a three-phase process in 1998 and 2004 to a more intricate seven-phase system in 2024. With 968 million eligible voters and an increase in the number of political parties contesting, it will take a longer time for the mobility of security personnel and officials. Secondly, it helps avoid simultaneous state elections by aligning the terms of state assemblies.  

For instance, in 2024, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Odisha, and Sikkim will hold assembly elections alongside the Lok Sabha polls. Lastly, the Election Commission of India tailors the phases based on population density and potential electoral disputes in each state. The result is a well-organized electoral process that ensures fairness and security across the nation. 

Logistic and Polling Stations Across the Country 

To India’s electoral rules, polling stations must be within 2 kilometres of every habitation. Reports indicate that 5.5 million electronic voting machines will facilitate voting at 1.05 million polling stations. The Election Commission (EC) is expected to deploy approximately 15 million polling staff and security personnel.  

In 2019, officials trekked over 480 kilometres for four days in remote Arunachal Pradesh to ensure every citizen’s right to vote. They even ventured to the Himalayas, setting up a station at 15,256 feet, the world’s highest polling station, and installed one in a wildlife sanctuary in southern Kerala and a shipping container in western Gujarat state.  

Conclusion 

As India braces for its monumental seven-phase election, democracy’s heartbeat echoes across the nation. From the Election Commission’s meticulous planning to the dedication of officials, every vote signifies the spirit of democracy in action.